Symptoms and signs

At first the only symptom may be mild forgetfulness. As the disease progresses, different aspects of brain functioning become impaired.

Alzheimer's disease begins slowly and at first the only symptom may be mild forgetfulness. People with Alzheimer's disease may have trouble remembering appointments, recent events, names of people and things, and they may have difficulty finding their way in a familiar neighbourhood. In the initial stages such difficulties may be bothersome, but it usually does not cause alarm.

As the disease progresses, functioning in activities of daily living becomes more and more difficult. Different aspects of brain functioning then become clearly impaired.

Brain functions affected in Alzheimer's disease

Memory - Initially short-term memory affected, later short and long-term memory.
Language - Difficulty naming objects. Later comprehension diminishes. Spontaneous speech affected.
Agnosia - Difficulty recognising people and identifying objects.
Apraxia - Inability to perform motor tasks.
Executive functions - Inability to plan and organise.
Personality changes - Apathy; aggressiveness; disinhibition.